This document provides guidance for QFD-related approaches to optimization through robust parameter design to ensure customer satisfaction with new products, services, and information systems. It is applicable to identify optimum nominal values of design parameters based on the assessment of robustness of its function at the product design phase. NOTE Some of the activities described in this document can be used at earlier and later stages. Other approaches to solve optimization problems in new technology and product development processes are listed in Annex B.