ISO 18787:2017 establishes basic principles and specifies requirements for the methods of determining water activity (aw) of food products for human consumption and animal feed within a measurement range of 0 to 1. The measurement principles are based on the dew-point measurement or on the determination of the change in electrical conductivity of an electrolyte or in the permittivity of a polymer. The method does not apply to products stored below their freezing point (equivalent to the temperature at which ice crystals appear in the product), neither to products corresponding to a water-in-fat emulsion, nor to crystal products such as sugars, salt or minerals. For products containing volatile compounds, such as alcohols, specific equipment adaptations may be necessary to apply the method. The results of the interlaboratory studies that were carried out are given in Annex B.