This document specifies principles for the tandem technique and the longitudinal-longitudinal-transverse wave (LLT) technique for detection of discontinuities perpendicular to the surface or almost perpendicular to the surface.
The general principles for ultrasonic testing of industrial products are described in ISO 16810.
The tandem or LLT techniques can be used for the detection of embedded planar discontinuities.
This document gives guidelines for the testing of metallic materials with a thickness between 40 mm and 500 mm with parallel or concentric surfaces.
The procedures provided in this document can be used for testing of other materials or smaller thickness if special measures are taken according to a written testing procedure.
Phased array techniques can also be applied for the tandem technique and the LLT technique, but additional steps or verifications can be needed.